

In 1906, Beerbohm Tree used recorded sounds in his production of Nero, tragedy by Stephen Phillip: it is about a sound of bugle, grunts and cries of pain, recorded for the occasion and reproduced by a gramophone during the play. Perhaps the earliest use of a theater-recorded sound is that of a crying baby, played on a phonograph, in a London theater in 1890. His manifesto "The Art of Noises" theorizes in particular the use of sound-noise, and remains the first document written on the use of abstract sounds in theater. The futurist Italian composer Luigi Russolo manufactures sound machines called intonarumori ("noise player") for his futuristic musical and theatrical representations from 1913.

These effects were integrated into the script in order to be played at the appropriate times. Later, in the Elizabethan theater, the troupes used sound effects that came from outside the stage, such as bells, whistles, brass. Music and sound effects were used there to enhance the show. Much of what constitutes modern theater today comes from the commedia dell'arte. A sound designer is a person who practices the art of sound design. Sound design generally involves the manipulation of musical objects1 or sound bodies. It is employed in a variety of disciplines such as film, theater, music recording and mixing, audio book making, concert performance, video game development, and advertising. Sound design is the art of using sound effects in order to achieve a desired effect.
